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More than a test of wills, the America's Cup match races between two yachts are testament to the navigation of skills required to win the coveted Cup trophy: sailing, boat and sail design, fund-raising, and management. The oldest active trophy in international sport, the coveted Cup is to vie for between one yacht known as the "defender," representing the yacht club who currently holds the America's Cup, and the second yacht known as the "challenger," representing the yacht club contending for the grand prize. Prior to cresting the wave of RI's yacht racing history which gained knots in 1930, let's embark on a crow's nest eye view of the sport's inception from the perspective of Hickok Sports.On August 22, 1851, the schooner America won a race against 15 English yachts around the Isle of Wight. Henceforth, it was awarded a silver trophy by the Royal Yacht Club's Squadron-the Hundred Guineas Cup, a silver ewer 2 feet, 3 inches high, and weighing 8 pounds, 6 ounces. The trophy was renamed the America's Cup aftr the boat. Six years later, the outfit which built the yacht, donated the Cup to the New York Yacht Club, under the terms of the "Deed of Gift" which made the Cup available for perpetual competition. Therefore, any yacht club meeting the requirements specified in the Deed has the right to challenge the yacht club holding the Cup. If the challenging yacht club wins the match, the trophy is transferred.Aye, aye, not seeing eye-to-eye, the first challenge after the fact did not occur until 1868 when James Ashbury of England challenged his schooner Cambria against any American vessel. The New York Yacht Club set forth the ultimatum that any challenger would have to take on an entire fleet the wayAmerica had attained victory. Finally, in 1870, the NYYC agreed on a best four-out-of-seven series with a single defending vessel in each race, but reserving the right to change defenders from day to day. Our Columbia defeated Ashbury's Livonia in the first two races, but lost the third due to malfunctioning steering gear.Sappho took over to win the next two races, and NYYC kept the cup.Obviously, this could go on and on--yachta, yachta, yachta--as the rules keep changing along the way. Nevertheless, during the third challenge posed by Canada's Countess of Dufferin in 1876, the NYYC had a single defending yacht, Madeline. Since then, America's Cup races have always involved a single defender against a single challenger. However, the format of the series changed several times: two out of three races (1876 - 1887); three out of five (1893 - 1903); four out of seven (1930 - 1987, 1992); two out of three in 1988; five out of nine in 1995. Maritime mercy!


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